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As a Korean American educator who left themotherland almost 50 years ago, I may have a different perspective but theCovid-19 pandemic as well as the continuing globalization is inspiring educationreform in Korea. The phrase ¡°perfect storm¡± oftentimes refers to a rarecombination of events that lead to an extremely critical and negativeconsequence, it¡¯s a metaphor to describe when things go terribly wrong. However,currently, the phrase could be used to describe many innovative education trendstaking place in Korea that has the potential for a perfect stormbecoming a perfect opportunity to change the future of public education inKorea.
As thetenth-largest economy in the world, South Korea represents one of the most remarkable economic success stories of the20th century. The people¡¯s passion for and state investment ineducation has been the driving force of national development since the end ofthe Korean War. However, this extraordinary economic rise came with a cost andis now being threatened. Korea is known for having one of the most mercilesseducation systems in the world– competition overadmission into top universities is extremely fierce and the suicide rateamongst young people is one of the highest in the world. Moreover, recently, Bloomberg Global Newspublished an article titled, ¡®Burden of raising kids drives South Koreanfertility to world¡¯s lowest rate.¡¯ In the article, one of the main reasons forthe lowest fertility rate is due to cost of education, especially a largeportion of it going to hagwon, private test-prep schools that offer anadvantage in the college-admission process.
The above description of current state of Koreaneducation system may paint a gloomy picture, but in contrast there are manypositive things happening. Educational innovators who ¡°think outside the box¡± inDaegu and Jeju are disrupting the status quo in their educational communitiesby partnering with the International Baccalaureate (IB) to implement its coreprinciples such as internationally-mindedness, learner profile, and approachesto teaching and learning. Since the IB is an international educationalorganization that is driven by its mission to create ¡®a better world througheducation,¡¯ schools are nurturing students as they become compassionate, culturallyaware global citizens who think globally and act locally.
Not long ago, Mr. Olli-PekkaHeinonen, the eighth Director General of International Baccalaureate (IB), aformer Education Minister of Finland, visited South Korea for high-levelengagement with influential educators and offices of education from around thecountry. The purpose was to take part in an important discussion of how we canbetter prepare students for the future.
Although the pandemic has given rise to manychallenges, it has provided an opportunity, a reset of sorts, to reimagine educationin Korea. Like the conceptual learning framework, ¡°Transformative Competenciesfor 2030,¡± developed by OECD several years ago, the current Korea¡¯seducation reform is a more competency-based and student centered. Furthermore,there are plans to establish a credit-based evaluation system for high schoolstudents and renewed focus on digital literacy and AI– these are all positivechanges that will ensure the development of student¡¯s knowledge, skills,attitudes and values to meet the challenges of the 21st century.
Another area that is receiving a lot ofattention from the education community is assessment. Korea is famous for thecurrent collegeentrance exam called su-neung, which is mostly knowledge-based andsummative. The infamous 8-hour exam has been covered by media outlets like CNNand BBC for bringing the whole country to a standstill for one day eachNovember. Not sure if it¡¯s true, but I have heard that the stock market opens late,and planes are grounded briefly or rerouted on the day of the exam. Many educatorsin Korea acknowledges that su-neung, a multiple choice type ofevaluation, does not accurately assess 21st century skills andcompetencies. Therefore, as part of the education reform there are plans toinstitute essay-type of assessment moving forward starting in the elementary schoolsand then gradually moving up to high schools. Changes to the way we assessstudents will have a tremendous impact on the teaching and learning that takesplace in schools.
Finally, student attainment ofcapabilities associated with being a global citizen continue to be a priorityfor many higher education institutions in Korea. Therefore, educators must ensureglobal citizenship education is integrated into the curriculum and notjust a ¡®program¡¯ that is talked about a few weeks or months a year, but rather itneeds to become a way of life, a mindset for students. When students areimmersed in global citizenship education–deeply, authentically immersed–they will seenot only their culture, but the world in a new light on the way of becoming acitizen of the world, a true cosmopolitan.
The late Sir Ken Robinson, a world-renowned thinker on education innovation,delivered a speech titled ¡°Do Schools Kill Creativity?¡± in 2006 that remains oneof the most popular TED talks to this day. He said during that speech, ¡°Everyeducation system in the world is being reformed at the moment, and it is notenough. Reform is no use anymore because that¡¯s simply improving a brokenmodel. What we need now is a revolution in education.¡±
We may not have arevolution, but there is a perfect storm brewing in educational community witha variety of innovative and meaningful ideas, which I hope will result inperfect opportunity to reimagine education in Korea. As aneducator, I can¡¯t wait to see how this perfect storm will develop in thenext few years.
GoodNews paper ¨Ï ±¹¹ÎÀϺ¸(www.kmib.co.kr), ¹«´ÜÀüÀç, ¼öÁý, Àç¹èÆ÷ ¹× AIÇнÀ ÀÌ¿ë ±ÝÁö